Characterization of some chickpea verities and determining the degree of genetic relationship between them using ISSR technique

Abstract

The research was carried out in the laboratories of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research in Damascus, Department of Biotechnology, during the years 2020-2021, to study the genetic variation between six varieties of chickpea (Gab3, Gab4, Gap5, Filip03-118, Filip 67-95, G11-08). The degree of genetic relationship between them was determined using the ISSR technique. Seven primers were used in the study, but only six of them gave amplification products in the PCR polymerase chain reaction. These primers proved their effectiveness in giving a polymorphism among the studied items, and the use of these primers resulted in a total of (48) bands, with an average of (8) bands, and the number of polymorphism bands was (46) bands with an average of (7.66) bands, and the percentage of polymorphism was (96.28) and was the lowest with the (ISSR17) primer by (77.7%), while the rest of the primers that gave amplification products in the PCR reaction gave a percentage of polymorphism that reached (100%), and the average
values of the polymorphism coefficient PIC (0.299) ) which indicates the ability of the primers used
to distinguish between the studied varieties. It was found that most of the studied primers had the
ability to distinguish between the studied varieties with the presence and absence of unique
packages.These unique bands distinguished some of the studied cultivars, as the two cultivars
(Filip03-18, Filip67-95) possessed the largest number of unique bands, and this indicates the
genetic diversity among the studied cultivars, which the studied initiators were able to detect. The
lowest value of the PDV incompatibility matrix was (0.3778) between the two cultivars (Filip 67-
95, Filip03-118), which indicates that they have a high degree of genetic relationship, while the
highest value of PDV was (0.7692) between the two cultivars (Gab3، G11-08( which indicates the
existence of a large genetic variance between them. The results of cluster analysis and genetic
relationship tree showed the separation of varieties into two main clusters, and the first cluster
separated into two sub-clusters, and under the first cluster the two cultivars (Filip03-118, Filip67-
95) with a genetic distance of 0.3778 And they were genetically closest to each other. Under the
second cluster contained the variety (G11-08) alone, while the second cluster separated into two
sub-clusters, under the first cluster included each of (Gab3, Ghab4) with a genetic distance of
0.4118, while under the second cluster included the type Ghab 5. Alone, the two cultivars (Gab3,
G11-08) were the most distant genetically with a genetic distance of 0.7692 and this is useful for
selecting genetically divergent parents to be included in the genetic improvement and breeding
programs.