Preserving and propropagation of the most important cherry and plum rootstocks introduced from Italy using plant tissue culture technique in Syria

Abstract

Plant tissue culture has become an important technique in plant
production. This research was carried out in the Laboratory of
Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of the National Commission for
Biotechnology/Damascus, during the period between 2022-2023, to
study the effect of some growth regulators on multiplication and
rooting of the most important cherry rootstocks (Weiroot 10, Maxma
14) and clonal rootstock (Marianna GF8-1) Introduced From Italy and
determine which combination of growth regulators lead to the highest
rate of multiplication (in terms of number of shoots and length), and
the best rooting (in terms of rooting percentage, number of roots and
length). The highest survival and uncontaminated explants percentages
were 82.26%, 70% and 66.5% obtained with 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min in
rootstocks Weiroot 10, Maxma 14 and Marianna GF8-1, respectively.
The results indicated that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA , 0.1 mg/l IBA and 0.2 mg/l GA3,
achieved the highest shoot multiplication with an average of 4.85 and
4.62 shoots per explant and an average of 3.94 cm and 3.85 cm shoot
length in rootstock Weiroot 10 and Maxma 14 respectively, and MS
medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg/l GA3, achieved
the highest shoot multiplication with an average of 5.55 shoots per
explant and an average of 3.62 cm shoot length in rootstock Marianna
GF8-1. The greatest rooting percentages were 97%, 95% and 82.5%
and the largest average number of roots were 5.12, 3.15 and 4.55
obtained when using IBA auxin at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l for
studied rootstocks Maxma 14, Weiroot 10 and Marianna GF8-1,
respectively with an average of 4.65 cm root length. The
acclimatization percentages ranged between 74% and 91.5% in both
rootstocks Marianna GF8-1 and Weiroot 10, respectively.