The effect of genotype × environment interaction for determined the best durum wheat genotypes Triticum durum Desf under different conditions

Abstract

Genotype × environment (GE) interactions are one of the most important sources of variation in durum wheat breeding programs and in the same way one of the most important problems facing breeders in developing stable and high yielding genotypes. Here, a study was carried out during three seasons 2017/2018-2018/2019 -219-2020 at Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo /
General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria in order to determine the best genotypes with high yielding and stability across environments, sixteen durum wheat genotypes were selected for this study, 12 of them are cultivate in Syria in addition four wide cross derived by
top crosses involving ICARDA parents with T. dicoccoides, T. araraticum and A. speltoides
(DAWRYT110, Faraj, Nachit, Jabal), The material was grown in 6 environments using a
randomized complete block design with two replications, the additive main effects and
multiplicative interaction (AMMI) mode was performed for analyze GGE interactions, in order to
identify the best phenotypes across the environments the Genotype Environment Interaction (GGE
biplot) analysis was conducted The results indicated the high significance of the differences among
genotypes, environments and the interaction between them for all the traits (days to heading, Days
to maturity, grain filling period, Grain filling rate, 1000-kernels weight, grain yield). The Genotype
Environment Interaction (GGE) and the stability analysis of the traits revealed the difference of
genotypes in their response to the environment. On the other hand, the difference in environmental
conditions through the seasons of the study contributed in the expression of the genotypes about
their potential for the traits, and the results of the analysis of genetic environmental interaction GGE
BIPLOT and the stability indicated the possibility of distinguishing the best genotypes in the traits,
as both the variety Dumma 3 and Duma 1 were distinguished by the early heading and maturity
while the wide cross genotypes were distinguished as the highest and stable for both the weight of a
thousand grains and the grain yield in comparing with the Syrian cultivated. the results of this study
indicate the necessity of introducing wild relatives in the process of breeding durum wheat, as well
as the possibility of improving the selection of genotypes Using the two analysis methods (AMMI)
and (GGE BIPLOT) under different environmental conditions.